Table 1 Study characteristics and policy focus

Banana (2015) [41]

Case 1

Zimbabwe

Sanitation

Urban sanitation improvement

New service

Evans (2016) [19]

Case 1

Australia

Family support services

Improve case management for marginalized families

Little p policy

Eppel and Evans (2018) [42]

Case 1

New Zealand

Built environment

Built environment development

Little p policy

Eppel and Evans (2018) [42]

Case 2

New Zealand

Employment

Strategic direction for the whole employment system

Little p policy

Eppel and Evans (2018) [42]

Case 3

New Zealand

Community engagement policy

Strategic direction for community engagement

Little p policy

Eppel and Evans (2018) [42]

Case 4

New Zealand

Social services

Improve social services experience for Maori community

Little p policy

Eppel and Evans (2018) [42]

Case 5

New Zealand

Housing

Prevent rheumatic fever

Little p policy

Eppel and Evans (2018) [42]

Case 6

New Zealand

Financial resiliency

More directly support people experiencing financial hardship

New service

Eppel and Evans (2018) [42]

Case 7

New Zealand

Early childhood education

Increase participation in early childhood education

New service

Holmes (2011) [43]

Case 1

New Zealand

Community economic development

Identify barriers to community economic development

Little and big p policy

Holmes (2011) [43]

Case 5

Australia

Education

Strategic direction in education

Little p policy

Kimbell (2015) [44]

Case 1

UK

Chronic illness

More appropriate services for chronic illness

Big p policy

Llano-Arias, V. (2015) [45]

Case 1

Colombia

Water supply

Strategic direction for maintaining water supply

Big p policy

Llano-Arias, V. (2015) [45]

Case 2

Colombia

Water supply

Water governance

Big p policy

Mullins (2021) [46]

Case 1

Australia

Homelessness

Support for persons without homes

New service

Muñoz-Erickson (2014) [47]

Case 1

Puerto Rico

Urban planning

Urban planning

n/a

Van der Bijl-Brouwe (2016) [40]

Case 1

Australia

Mental health

Support for acute mental illness

Little p policy

Bovaird (2012) [48]

Case 2

UK

Care navigation

Redesigning a social care website

New service

Bovaird (2012) [48]

Case 3

UK

Participatory budgeting

Participatory budgeting for local services

New service

Bovaird (2007) [49]

Case 2

UK

Early child health

Improve readiness for elementary school

New service

Ostrom (1996) [50]

Case 1

Brazil

Urban infrastructure

Construct neighborhood sanitation system

New service

Marchal (2021) [51]

Case 1

Georgia (country)

Tuberculosis policy

Increase tuberculosis treatment

Big p policy

Springs (2019) [52]

Case 1

Rhode Island (US state)

Health services

Identify policies to support arts-based health services

Little p policy

Spaa (2022) [53]

Case 1

UK

Multiple

Multiple

Big p policy

Richardson (2021) [54]

Case 1

UK

Housing

Approach for participatory decision making within a housing development

Little p policy

Young (2018) [55]

Case 1

Canada

Prescription coverage

Payment policy for high-cost drugs for rare disorders

Big p policy

Bittle (2022) [56]

Case 1

USA (county)

Public health

Approach to participatory decision-making in funding

Little p policy

Lloyd-Williams (2021) [57]

Case 1

UK

Non-communicable diseases

Policies needed to prevent NCDs

Big p policy

Goodyear (2022) [58]

Case 1

Austria

Mental health

Policy and practice related to child mental health prevention

Little p policy

Owens (2022) [59]

Case 1

USA (rural county)

Substance use and incarceration

Jail-based reentry for opioid use disorder

Little p policy

FreeBairn (2017) [14]

Case 1

Australia

General health

Health policy decision-making

Big p policy

Lazo-Porras (2020) [60]

Case 1

Peru

Public health, primary care

Diagnosis and management of chronic diseases in primary healthcare

Little p policy