Table 1 FRAME-IS development process

1. Identify goal and scope

- Goal: to develop a framework for documenting modifications to implementation strategies that includes the rationale for those modifications as well as the personnel involved in the modification decision.

- Scope: implementation strategies meant to enhance the uptake of evidence-based practices in healthcare and educational settings.

2. Identify changes needed from previous framework

The first author (CJM) reviewed the FRAME and identified areas where language would need to be changed to refer to modifications to implementation strategies rather than modifications to evidence-based practices.

3. Develop draft of new framework

The first author (CJM) developed the initial version of FRAME-IS; this version was reviewed and edited by all co-authors.

4. Pilot new framework

Study authors piloted the initial version of FRAME-IS in their own ongoing implementation studies and made additional edits.

5. Solicit and Integrate stakeholder feedback

- Presented draft FRAME-IS to several groups of stakeholders, including international groups of implementation scientists and practitioners. Sought broad feedback on content, format, and structure of the draft FRAME-IS.

- Conduced one-on-one “think-alouds” with implementation experts (n = 6) to provide further refinement; integrated various sources of feedback to develop final FRAME-IS.

6. Apply new framework to additional project(s)

Applied the final FRAME-IS to an ongoing study by one study author (MB; see text and Table 2 for details).