Fig. 1

Simplified illustration of stages, activities, resource classification, and assessment of costs of public health intervention implementation process. a A description of the implementation process listing key components of each phase that may carry additional resource requirements is provided. Light blue arrows represent potential feedback loops between phases. b An illustration of resource and cost classification of the public health intervention implementation process. At each phase, resource-use for relevant activities is classified based on the location (above site vs. site-specific) of activity and degree to which activities are programmatic versus research specific. Sizes of each square (different shades of blue)—arbitrarily assigned for the purposes of demonstration—represent the corresponding size of each activity category. The increasing size of light-shaded boxes to the right indicate an increasing programmatic component as the study progresses into the maintenance phase