Table 8 Kazdin criteria
From: A systematic review of empirical studies examining mechanisms of implementation in health
Association | Specificity | Consistency | Manipulation | Timeline | Gradient | Plausibility | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Qualitative | ||||||||
Bardosh et al. 2017 [16] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Brewster et al. 2015 [17] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Carrera and Lambooij 2015 [18] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Frykman et al. 2014 [19] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Wiener-Ogilvie et al. 2008 [20] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Quantitative—randomized | ||||||||
Atkins et al. 2008 [21] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Baer et al. 2009 [22] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Bonetti et al. 2005 [23] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
Garner et al. 2011 [24] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Glisson et al. 2010 [25] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Holth et al. 2011 [26] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
Lee et al. 2018 [27] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Lochman et al. 2009 [28] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Rapkin et al. 2017 [29] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Rohrbach et al. 1993 [30] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Seys et al. 2018 [31] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
Williams et al. 2014 [32] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
Williams et al. 2017 [33] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
Quantitative—non-randomized | ||||||||
Aarons et al. 2009 [34] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
Becker et al. 2016 [35] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Beenstock et al. 2012 [36] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Beets et al. 2008 [37] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Bonetti et al. 2009 [38] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Chou et al. 2011 [39] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Cummings et al., 2017 [40] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
David and Schiff 2017 [41] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Edmunds et al. 2014 [42] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Gnich et al. 2018 [43] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Guerrero et al. 2018 [44] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Huis et al. 2013 [45] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Little et al. 2015 [46] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Llasus et al. 2014 [47] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Nelson and Steele 2007 [48] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Potthoff et al. 2017 [49] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Presseau et al. 2016 [50] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Simmonds et al. 2012 [51] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Stockdale et al. 2018 [52] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Wanless et al. 2015 [53] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Mixed methods | ||||||||
Armson et al. 2018 [54] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Birken et al. 2015 [55] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Kauth et al. 2010 [56] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Lukas et al. 2009 [57] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Panzano et al. 2012 [58] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Rangachari et al. 2015 [59] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Shrubsole et al. 2018 [60] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 |