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Table 5 Descriptive summary

From: A systematic review of empirical studies examining mechanisms of implementation in health

Study

Setting

Sample

Intervention/Innovation

Complex psychosocial intervention

Design

Qualitative

Bardosh et al. 2017 [16]

Health care facilities, multiple countries

Key informants (researchers, Mhealth staff, clinic staff, government officials; n = 32)

Mobile health application

N

Qualitative, cross sectional, comparative case study, non-randomized

Brewster et al. 2015 [17]

Hospitals

Hospitals (k = 10); hospital employees (hospital staff, n = 82; state hospital representatives n = 8)

Initiative to reduce rehospitalization rates

N

Qualitative, descriptive, cross sectional, non-randomized

Carrera and Lambooij 2015 [18]

Primary care

Patients (n = 12); health care providers (n = 4)

Blood pressure monitoring guidelines

N

Qualitative descriptive, cross sectional, non-randomized

Frykman et al. 2014 [19]

Emergency departments

Departments (k = 2), health care providers (n = 11)

Multi-professional teamwork guideline

N

qualitative, longitudinal (2 assessment points, 21 months), comparative case study, non-randomized

Wiener-Ogilvie et al. 2008 [20]

Primary care

Health care providers (n = 9)

Asthma management guideline

N

qualitative, cross sectional, comparative case study, non-randomized

Quantitative randomized

Atkins et al. 2008 [21]

Schools

Teachers (n = 127); mental health providers (n = 21)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder guidelines

Y

quantitative, longitudinal (5 assessment points, 2 years), randomized

Baer et al. 2009 [

Substance abuse treatment facilities

Substance abuse treatment facilities (k = 6); Mental health providers (n = 118)

Motivational Interviewing

Y

quantitative, longitudinal (3 assessment points, 6 months), randomized

Bonetti et al. 2005 [23]

Primary care

Health care providers (n = 152)

Spinal X-ray referral guidelines

N

quantitative, longitudinal (2 assessment points, 2 months), randomized control trial

Garner et al. 2011 [24]

Substance abuse treatment facilities

Substance abuse treatment facilities (k = 29); mental health providers (n = 95)

Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach and Assertive Continuing Care

Y

quantitative, longitudinal (2 assessment points, 3 years), randomized control trial

Glisson et al. 2010 [25]

Juvenile courts

Counties (k = 14); patients (n = 615)

Multisystemic Therapy

Y

quantitative, longitudinal (weekly, quarterly, 4 years), randomized control trial

Holth et al. 2011 [26]

Behavioral health facilities

Mental health providers (n = 21); families (youth and primary caregiver; n = 41)

Multisystemic Therapy, Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Y

quantitative, longitudinal (monthly, 17 months), block randomized control trial

Lee et al. 2018 [27]

Schools, child care facilities

Organizations (n = 121)

Nutritional guidelines

N

quantitative, longitudinal (two time points; 2 studies at 6 months, 1 study at 12 months), analysis of aggregated datasets from three randomized control trials

Lochman et al. 2009 [28]

Schools

Schools (k = 57); patients (n = 531); mental health providers (n = 49)

Coping Power Program

Y

quantitative, longitudinal (2 assessment points, 2 years), randomized

Rapkin et al. 2017 [29]

Public library system

Communities (k = 20); community members (n = 9374)

Cancer screening and prevention education programs

N

quantitative, randomized, stepped-wedge, longitudinal

Rohrbach et al. 1993 [30]

Schools

Schools (k = 25); administrators (n = 25); teachers (n = 60); patients (n = 1147)

Adolescent Alcohol Prevention Trial

Y

quantitative, longitudinal (3 assessment points, 2 years), randomized control trial

Seys et al. 2018 [31]

Hospitals

Care teams (k = 19); care team members (n = 284); patients (n = 257)

Care pathway for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

N

quantitative, longitudinal (two assessment points, 30 days), randomized

Williams et al. 2014 [32]

Behavioral health facilities

Behavioral health facilities (k = 92); administrators (n = 311)

Motivational Interviewing

Y

quantitative, longitudinal (3 assessment points, 3 months), randomized control trial

Williams et al. 2017 [33]

Behavioral health facilities

Organizations (k = 14); clinicians (n = 475)

Evidence-based practice (not specified)

Evidence-based practice implemented not reported

quantitative, longitudinal, randomized (4 assessment points, 4 years)

Quantitative non-randomized

Aarons et al. 2009 [34]

Behavioral health facilities

Mental health care providers (n = 174)

31 child or family evidence-based practices

Ya

quantitative, cross-sectional, survey, non-randomized

Becker et al. 2016 [35]

Substance abuse treatment facilities

Clinics (k = 15); treatment providers (n = 60)

Contingency management treatment

Y

quantitative, longitudinal (biweekly, 12 months), non-randomized

Beenstock et al. 2012 [36]

Hospitals

Hospitals (k = 8); health care providers (n = 364)

Smoking cessation guideline

N

quantitative, cross sectional, survey, non-randomized

Beets et al. 2008 [37]

Schools

Teachers (n time 1 = 171, n time 2 = 191)

Positive Action Program

Y

quantitative, cross sectional at two time points, survey, non-randomized

Bonetti et al. 2009 [38]

Dentist offices

Health care providers (n = 133)

Fissure sealant evidence-based practice

N

quantitative, longitudinal, predictive cohort study (3 assessment points, 28 months), non-randomized

Chou et al. 2011 [39]

Veterans Affairs

Hospitals (k = 132), health care providers (n = 2,438)

Major depressive disorder screening guideline

N

quantitative, cross sectional, survey, randomized

Cummings et al. 2017 [40]

Nursing homes

Nursing homes (k = 7); nursing home staff (n = 333)

Coaching for Impressive Care

N

quantitative, , non-randomized two-group crossover

David and Schiff 2017 [41]

Health care system, multiple sites

Health care providers (n = 77)

Child-Parent Psychotherapy

Y

quantitative, cross sectional, survey, non-randomized

Edmunds et al. 2014 [42]

Behavioral health facilities

Mental health providers (n = 50)

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Y

quantitative, longitudinal, non-randomized

Gnich et al. 2018 [43]

Dentist offices

Health care providers (n = 709)

Fluoride varnish application

N

quantitative, longitudinal (2 assessment points, 18 months), non-randomized

Guerrero et al. 2018 [44]

Behavioral health facilities

Behavioral health facilities (k = 112), mental heal providers (n = 427)

Contingency management treatment and medicationassisted treatment

Y

quantitative, longitudinal (2 assessment points), survey, non-randomized

Huis et al. 2013 [45]

Hospitals

Hospitals (k = 3); departments (k = 67): health care providers (k = 2733)

Hand hygiene guidelines

N

quantitative, longitudinal, process evaluation of a cluster randomized controlled trial

Little et al. 2015 [46]

Schools

School districts (k = 183); departments (k = 22)

Tobacco Use Prevention Education

N

quantitative, cross sectional, survey, non-randomized

Llasus et al. 2014 [47]

University nursing programs

Nursing students (n = 174)

Evidence-based practices (not specified)

N

quantitative, descriptive, correlational, cross sectional, survey, non-randomized

Nelson and Steele 2007 [48]

Health care system, multiple sites

Mental health providers (n = 214)

Evidence-based practices (not specified)

N

quantitative, cross sectional, survey, non-randomized

Potthoff et al. 2017 [49]

Primary care

Organizations (k = 99); health care providers (n = 489)

Type 2 diabetes management guideline

N

quantitative, longitudinal (2 assessment points, 1 year), correlational, survey, non-randomized

Presseau et al. 2016 [50]

Primary care

Family physicians (time 1 n = 632; time 2 n = 426)

Prescription of hypertension medication

N

quantitative, longitudinal (2 assessment points, approximately 8 months), 2X3 factorial

Simmonds et al. 2012 [51]

Health care system, multiple sites

Health care providers (n = 108)

Lower back pain management guidelines

N

quantitative, cross sectional, survey, non-randomized

Stockdale et al. 2018 [52]

Veterans Affairs

Health care providers (n = 149), patients (n = 3329)

Patient Centered Medical Home

N

quantitative, cross sectional, survey, non-randomized

Wanless et al. 2015 [53]

Schools

Schools (k = 13); teachers (n = 1114)

Responsive Classroom

Y

quantitative, longitudinal, non-randomized (focuses on one condition in an RCT)

Yamada et al. 2017 [62]

Hospitals

Care units (k = 32); nurses (n = 779); patients (n = 1,604)

Instrumental and conceptual research use, evidence-based pain assessment

N

quantitative, cross sectional, non-randomized

Mixed Methods

Armson et al. 2018 [54]

Health care system, multiple sites

Health care providers (n = 70)

Breast cancer screening guideline

N

mixed method, longitudinal, observational/ naturalist field study, non-randomized

Birken et al. 2015 [55]

Health care system, multiple sites

Organizations (k = 149); administrators (n = 223)

Quality improvement initiative based on Chronic Care Model

N

mixed method sequential, cross sectional, non-randomized

Kauth et al. 2010 [56]

Veterans Affairs

Clinics (k = 21); mental health providers (n = 23)

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Y

mixed method, quasi-experimental, longitudinal (2 assessment points, 6 months), randomized

Lukas et al. 2009 [57]

Veterans Affairs

Organizations (k = 78); health care providers, non-clinical staff (n = 3870)

Advance Clinic Access

N

mixed method, cross sectional, observational, non-randomized

Panzano et al. 2012 [58]

Behavioral health facilities

Consultants (n = 34); mental health providers (n = 70)

Multisystemic Therapy, Dual Disorder Treatment, Ohio medication algorithms, Cluster-based Outcomes Management

Y

mixed method, longitudinal, observational/ naturalist field study, non-randomized

Rangachari et al. 2015 [59]

Hospitals

Departments (k = 2); health care providers (n = 101); administrators (n = 6)

Central line bundle catheter insertion evidence-based practice

N

prospective, longitudinal, exploratory field study, mixed-method analysis

Shrubsole et al. 2018 [60]

Hospitals

Hospitals (k = 4); health care providers (n = 37); patients (n = 107)

Aphasia management practices

N

mixed method, longitudinal, cross-over, cluster randomized control trial

  1. aMultiple EBPs, some of which were complex psychosocial interventions