Study | Outcome | Absolute Δ Time 1- Time 2 | Reported p value | Absolute Δ Time 1- Time 3 | Reported p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paes 1994 | Lab test ordering: costs for superficial cultures | -$21.49/patient | NR | ||
Hendryx 1998 | Lab test ordering: | ||||
Mean total LOS (days) | Treatment= -3.2 Control = -0.6 | NS | |||
Mean ICU LOS (days) | Treatment= -2.1 Control = -0.3 | NS | |||
Mortality rate (*unclear if ICU or hospital) | Treatment = +0.02 Control = -0.14 | NS | |||
Mean infectious nosocomial events per 100 ICU Days | Treatment = +0.1 Control= -1.0 | NS | |||
Merlani 2001 and Diby 2005 | Lab test ordering: | ||||
Unit population, Mean stay (days) | -0.3 | 0.26 | -0.3 | 0.26 | |
Unit population, Mortality (%) | +0.1% | 0.80 | -0.5% | 0.80 | |
Savings (per patient day) | Pilot period: SFr 34.8 (or £14.15) | Consolidation period: SFr 68.4 (or £27.81) | |||
Beland 2003a | Lab test ordering: | ||||
Average LOS (days) | +4.9 | NR | +9.4 | NR | |
Total charge for unordered tests (average cost per patient per day in ICU) | +$4564.80 (+$42.32) | NR | +$3246.75 (-$21.91) | NR | |
Petäjä 2004b | Transfusion ordering: | ||||
LOS (NR, Calculated) Days of care/all admissions (days/patient) | +0.1 | NR | -1.2 | NR | |
Schramm 2011 | Lab test and transfusion ordering: | ||||
Median ICU LOS (Days) | 0 | 0.010 | 0 | 0.010 | |
Hospital mortality (%) | -1.6% | 0.029 | -8.3% | 0.029 | |
Masud 2011c | Transfusion ordering: | ||||
Observed: expected operative mortality index for isolated CABG | Δ 2006-2007= -0.07 Δ 2007-2008= -0.05 | NR NR | Δ 2006-2008= -0.12 | NR | |
Average LOS for CVICU patients (Days) | Δ 2007-2008= -0.21 | NR | |||
Estimated expense for all blood products | Δ 2007-2008 = -$928 125 | NR | |||
CRBSI | Δ 2007-2008= +0.3 | NR | |||
VAP Incidence | Δ 2006-2007= 0 Δ 2007-2008= -1 | NR NR | Δ 2006-2008= -1 | NR | |
Surgical site infection rate | |||||
CBGB risk 0,1 | Δ 2006-2007= -0.66 Δ 2007-2008= 0.46 | NR NR | Δ 2006-2008= -0.2 | NR | |
CBGB risk 2 | Δ 2006-2007= -2.49 Δ 2007-2008= -0.94 | NR NR | Δ 2006-2008= -3.43 | NR | |
CBGC risk 1 | Δ 2006-2007= -5.13 Δ 2007-2008= 0 | NR NR | Δ 2006-2008= - | NR | |
CBGC risk 2,3 | Δ 2006-2007= 0 Δ 2007-2008= 0 | NR NR | 5.13 Δ 2006-2008= 0 | NR | |
Arnold 2011 | Transfusion ordering: | ||||
ICU Mortality (%) | -4% | 0.76 | -9% | 0.76 | |
Hospital Mortality (%) | -4% | 0.90 | +2% | 0.90 | |
Beaty 2013d | Transfusion ordering: | ||||
CSICU LOS (Days) | |||||
Non-transfused (n=368) | -0.1 | 0.21 | -0.5 | 0.21 | |
Transfused (n=144) | -1.4 | 0.22 | 0 | 0.22 | |
Total Hospital LOS | |||||
Non-transfused (n=368) | 0 | 0.11 | -1 | 0.11 | |
Transfused (n=144) | -3 | 0.36 | +1 | 0.36 | |
Observed in-hospital mortality | -4.8% | 0.02 | -5.5% | 0.02 | |
Gutsche 2013 | Transfusion ordering: | ||||
Mean ICU LOS (hours) | -1.5 | 0.90 | |||
Mean Hospital LOS (days) | -0.9 | 0.24 | |||
30 days-mortality | -1.5% | 0.42 | |||
Yeh 2015 | Transfusion ordering: | ||||
Mortality (%) | +3% | 0.60 | 0% | 0.60 | |
Median ICU LOS (days) | -1 | 0.57 | 3 | 0.57 | |
Median hospital LOS (days) | +1.5 | 0.48 | +9 | 0.48 | |
Murphy 2016e | Lab test & transfusion ordering: | ||||
ICU Mortality Rate (%) | -1.7% | <0.05 | -1.2% | <0.05 | |
Hospital Mortality Rate (%) | -1.8% | <0.05 | -1.5% | <0.05 | |
Mean ICU length of stay (units NR) | -0.1 | NS | 0 | NS | |
Estimated total gross direct cost savings | $1 942 735 | ||||
Estimated net cost savings (accounting for incentive pay-out) | $1 544 095 (or $772 048 per year) |