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Table 2 Summary of Findings

From: To what extent do nurses use research in clinical practice? A systematic review

Instrument

First Author, Year

Quartile 1

Quartile 2

Quartile 3

Quartile 4

  

Low Use

Moderate-Low Use

Moderate-High Use

High Use

NPQ (n = 12 articles)

Brett, 1987 [26]

  

X

 
 

Brett, 1989 [50]

  

X

 
 

Coyle, 1990 [51]

 

X

  
 

Barta, 1995 [52]

  

X

 
 

Michel, 1995 [5]

  

X

 
 

Berggren, 1996 [33]

  

X

 
 

Rutledge, 1996 [53]

   

X

 

Thompson, 1997 [54]

  

X

 
 

Rodgers, 2000 [27]

  

X

 
 

Rodgers, 2000 [55]

  

X

 
 

Carlson, 2006 [62]

  

X

 
 

Squires, 2007 [56]

  

X

 

RUQ (n = 10 articles)

Champion, 1989 [63]

  

X

 
 

Lacey, 1994 [71]

  

X

 
 

Prin, 1997 [83]

  

X

 
 

Hatcher, 1997 [68]

  

X

 
 

Hansen, 1999 [67]

  

X

 
 

Humphris, 1999 [69]

  

X

 
 

Tranmer, 2002 [91]

  

X

 
 

Wallin, 2003 [95]

  

X

 
 

McCloskey, 2005 [75]

 

X

  
 

Nash, 2005 [57]

 

X

  

Other Multi-Item Measures (n = 5 articles)

Pelz, 1981 [90]

 

X

  
 

Varcoe, 1995 [87]

 

X (general use)

X (specific research findings)

 
 

Stiefel, 1996 [85]

  

X

 
 

McCleary, 2002 [73]

  

X

 
 

McCleary, 2003 [74]

  

X

 

Single items

Bostrom, 1993 [60]

X

   

Past, Present, Future Use (n = 4 articles)

     
 

Rizzuto, 1994 [4]

X

   
 

Butler, 1995 [59]

 

X (staff nurses)

X (leadership nurses)

 
 

Brown, 1997 [61]

 

X

  

Single items

Parahoo, 1998 [24]

 

X (specific research findings)

X (general use)

 

Parahoo Measure (n = 7 articles)

     
 

Parahoo, 1999 [78]

 

X

  
 

Parahoo, 1999b [79]

  

X

 
 

Parahoo, 2000 [80]

 

X

  
 

Parahoo, 2001 [81]

  

X

 
 

Valizadeh, 2003 [86]

 

X

  
 

Veeramah, 2004 [88]

  

X

 

Single items

Estabrooks, 1999 [29]

 

PRU

IRU, CRU, ORU

 

Estabrooks Measure (n = 6 articles)

     
 

Profetto-McGrath, 2003 [84]

  

PRU, ORU

CRU

 

Milner, 2005 [76]

 

PRU (staff)

IRU (staff, managers) CRU (staff, managers) ORU (staff, managers) PRU (educators, managers)

IRU (educators) CRU (educators) ORU (educators)

 

Kenny, 2005 [70]

 

PRU

IRU, CRU, ORU

 
 

Estabrooks 2007 [66]

  

IRU, ORU

 
 

Connor, 2007 [64]

 

CRU

IRU, ORU

PRU

Single items

Linde, 1989 [89]

X1

X2

  

Other (n = 11 articles)

     
 

Walczak, 1994 [96]

 

X

  
 

Pettengill, 1994 [82]

 

X3

X4

 
 

Veeramah, 1995 [88]

  

X

 
 

Youngstrom, 1996 [98]

  

X

 
 

Wright, 1996 [97]

  

X

 
 

Logsdon, 1998 [72]

 

X

  
 

Davies, 1999 [99]

 

X5

X5

X5

 

Tsai, 2000 [58]

  

X

 
 

Tsai, 2003 [92]

 

X

  
 

Niederhauser, 2005 [77]

   

X

  1. IRU = instrumental research use; CRU-conceptual research use; PRU = persuasive research use; ORU = overall research use
  2. 1 = Item: Discontinue practice based on research
  3. 2 = Items: (1) transfer knowledge from research; (2) use new research-based activity
  4. 3 = Use of nursing research
  5. 4 = Use of non-nursing research
  6. 5 = 23 practices assessed, extent of research use depends on the practice assessed
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Implementation Science

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